When choosing a rimfire cartridge, two popular options that often come up are the 22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (WMR) and the 22 Long Rifle (LR). Even though they are not interchangeable, they do have many similarities. Both have unique features and uses, making them suitable for different shooting needs. This blog will discuss the differences between 22 WMR vs 22LR, covering aspects like history, ballistics, usage, cost, and availability. By the end, you should have a clearer understanding of which cartridge best fits your shooting needs.
History & Background
If you’re an avid history buff like me, you like to know a cartridge’s origins, not just how it performs. The 22 LR and its bigger brother, the 22 WMR, both have rich histories.
| Cartridge Specs | .22 Long Rifle | .22 WMR |
|---|---|---|
| Parent Casing | .22 Long | .22 Win Rimfire |
| Bullet Diameter | .223“ | .224“ |
| Neck Diameter | .226″ | .243″ |
| Base Diameter | .226″ | .245″ |
| Case Length | .613″ | 1.05″ |
| Overall Length | .888″ | 1.35″ |
| Grain Weight | 29gr-60gr | 30gr-50gr |
| Max Pressure (SAMMI) | 24,000 PSI | 24,000 PSI |
22 Long Rifle (LR)
The 22 Long Rifle came on the scene in 1887 when J. Stevens Arms & Tool Company developed it. It evolved from the 22 Long cartridge and quickly became the most popular rimfire round due to its versatility and affordability. The 22LR is famous for its low recoil, making it an excellent choice for training, beginners, small game hunting, and recreational shooting.
22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (WMR)
Winchester introduced the 22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire in 1959. Its also commonly known as .22 Mag or .22 Magnum ammunition. They designed it to offer a higher velocity and greater energy than the 22LR, making it more suitable for hunting larger small game and even some medium-sized ones. The 22 WMR gained popularity for its improved performance over longer distances than the 22LR.
Ballistics & Performance: 22 WMR VS 22LR
Despite being only slightly larger, the .22 WMR has more energy and velocity compared to the .22LR cartridge.
One of the primary differences between the 22LR and 22 WMR is their ballistics.
22LR: The typical muzzle velocity of a standard 22LR round is around 1,080 feet per second (fps) with a 40-grain bullet. It generates about 100-140 foot-pounds of energy.
22 WMR: In contrast, the 22 WMR has a significantly higher muzzle velocity, ranging from 1,870 to 2,200 fps with a 40-grain bullet. This results in much higher energy, typically between 300 and 350 foot-pounds.
| Caliber | Bullet Type | Bullet Weight | Velocity (Muzzle) | Energy (Muzzle) | 50 Yards (Velocity/Energy) | 100 Yards (Velocity/Energy) | 150 Yards (Velocity/Energy) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| .22LR | LRN | 40gr | 1,200 FPS | 128 FT LBS | 1,075 FPS/103 FT LBS | 991 FPS/87 FT LBS | 928 FPS/76 FT LBS |
| .22 WMR | FMJ | 40gr | 1,880 FPS | 314 FT LBS | 1,570 FPS/219 FT LBS | 1,311 FPS/153 FT LBS | 1,121 FPS/150 FT LBS |
Trajectory
A higher velocity for the 22 WMR also translates to a flatter trajectory, making it more effective for shooting at longer ranges. For instance:
The effective range of a 22LR is generally around 100 yards, beyond which bullet drop becomes more pronounced, making accurate shooting challenging without compensation.
The 22 WMR can maintain accuracy and a flatter trajectory up to 150 yards or more, making it a better choice for longer-range shooting.
Accuracy
Both cartridges are capable of impressive accuracy, but the 22 WMR’s higher velocity and energy make it more stable in flight, particularly at longer distances. The 22LR, while accurate, is more susceptible to wind drift and other environmental factors due to its lower velocity.
22 WMR VS 22LR: Ammo Types
Both cartridges are available in various bullet types, each excelling in different shooting scenarios. Some of the most common 22LR bullet designs include:
- Round nose
- Hollow point
- Segmented hollow point
Round nose bullets are some of the cheapest and most widely available. They’re useful for target practice, plinking, and general shooting. However, if you plan to get rid of some varmints, consider a hollow-point cartridge instead. They offer better expansion and energy transfer.
You’ll find many of the same bullet options in 22 WMR. However, the 22 WMR variants are heavier and pack a bit more punch.
Usage and Applications for the 22 WMR vs. 22LR
Nope: Even though 22LR VS 22 Mag are both rimfire cartridges, you can’t safely fire them from the same gun.
The most common uses for 22 WMR and 22LR cartridges include:
Recreational Shooting
22LR: The 22LR is a favorite for plinking and recreational shooting due to its low cost, low recoil, and wide availability. It’s ideal for beginners and those looking for an inexpensive way to practice shooting.
22 WMR: While also suitable for recreational shooting, the 22 WMR’s higher cost per round makes it less ideal for casual plinking. However, it offers a more powerful and satisfying shooting experience.
If you like plinking with 22 WMR, it will be much cheaper than larger cartridges like the .223.
Hunting: 22 WMR VS 22LR
22LR: The 22LR is perfect for small game hunting, such as squirrels and rabbits. Its lower energy ensures less damage to the meat, making it an excellent choice for hunters who want to preserve their game.
22 WMR: The 22 WMR is better suited for somewhat larger small game, such as raccoons, foxes, and even coyotes, at closer ranges. Its higher energy and velocity allow for cleaner kills at longer distances.
Self-Defense
22LR: While not typically recommended for self-defense due to its lower stopping power, the 22LR can still be used in a pinch. Its low recoil makes it easier to shoot accurately under stress.
22 WMR: The 22 WMR offers more stopping power and is a better option for self-defense in a rimfire caliber. Its increased energy can be more effective in stopping an attacker. Still, I’d suggest something with much more stopping power, like 9mm ammo.
Cost & Availability: 22 WMR VS 22LR
There are less .22 WMR options on the market, which means you’ll end up paying more for them too.
Finding a cartridge you like is a great first step. But can you track down ammo when you need it, and what will it cost you? Fortunately, both the 22 WMR and 22LR are affordable and widely available. Here’s what you can expect in terms of cost and availability:
Cost
22LR: One of the 22LR’s biggest advantages is its cost. It’s one of the cheapest cartridges available, with prices often around $0.05 to $0.10 per round. This makes it perfect for high-volume shooting without breaking the bank.
22 WMR: The 22 WMR is more expensive, typically costing between $0.20 and $0.30 per round. While still affordable compared to centerfire cartridges, it’s significantly more costly than 22LR.
Availability
22LR: The 22LR is incredibly popular and widely available. You can find it in virtually any store that sells ammunition, from big-box retailers to local gun shops.
22 WMR: While also widely available, the 22 WMR is not as ubiquitous as the 22LR. It may not be stocked in as many places, and there may be less variety in its brands and bullet types.
Weapon Options: 22 WMR VS 22LR
The 22 WMR remains a popular rimfire cartridge, meaning plenty of weapon systems are chambered in this mighty little cartridge. However, the 22LR is more common, which means that weapons chambered in 22 long rifles are also easier to find. Whether you’re looking for a fun plinking pistol or a rifle to take out pests, you’ll have no shortage of options.
Some handguns chambered in 22 WMR are available. However, they aren’t as plentiful and tend to be a bit pricier, too.
The Good and Bad of 22 Long Rifle (LR)
Here’s a closer look at what I like and don’t like about the 22LR cartridge:
Advantages
- Low cost per round
- Widely available
- Low recoil, making it ideal for beginners
- Versatile for a variety of shooting activities
Disadvantages
- Limited range and stopping power
- More affected by wind and environmental factors
- Less suitable for larger game or self-defense
Pros and Cons of 22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (WMR)
Here are the good and bad of the 22 WMR:
Advantages
- Higher velocity and energy
- Flatter trajectory for longer-range shooting
- More effective for larger small game and self-defense
- Better stability in flight
Disadvantages
- Higher cost per round.
- Less widely available than 22LR.
- Greater recoil, though still manageable.
22 WMR VS 22LR: Decisions, Decisions
The .22LR cartridge is a cost-effective option for plinking, even though it has less power than the .22 WMR.
Choosing between the 22 WMR vs 22LR depends largely on your specific needs and preferences. The 22LR is a versatile, cost-effective option that’s ideal for beginners, recreational shooting, and small game hunting. Its widespread availability and low cost make it a favorite among shooters of all levels.
On the other hand, the 22 WMR offers superior performance in terms of velocity, energy, and range. It’s a better choice for those looking to hunt larger small game or who need a rimfire cartridge with more stopping power. While it comes at a higher cost, its benefits can justify the expense for many shooters.
Both cartridges have their place in the shooting world, and many enthusiasts find value in owning firearms chambered in both calibers. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each, you can make a more informed decision and choose the cartridge that best suits your shooting needs.
Whether you opt for the time-tested 22LR or the more powerful 22 WMR, both cartridges offer a rewarding and enjoyable shooting experience. Happy shooting!